RESULTS We identified 214 articles, of which 63 were selected to be included in the review. The central themes identified were the ICU environment and its effects on the family, empathy as an indicator of relationship, interaction as a means of relating, communication as the centre of relationships and barriers to the establishment of relationships. CONCLUSIONS The nurse-family relationship in the Intensive Care Unit is based on interaction and communication amidst human, physical, regulatory and administrative barriers. Improving the nurse-family relationship contributes to the humanization of Adult Intensive Care Units. BACKGROUND In a randomized controlled trial (MOMENTUM 3), the HeartMate 3 (HM3) fully magnetically levitated centrifugal-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) demonstrated superiority over the HeartMate II (HMII) axial-flow LVAD. These findings were driven by hemocompatibility-related outcomes, but infection-related outcomes were not altered by device choice. In this trial-level analysis, we analyzed the clinical patterns of infection-related outcomes over 2&nbsp;years of support. METHODS In MOMENTUM 3, 1,020 patients were implanted with either the HM3 (n?=?515) or HMII (n?=?505) pump. Clinical characteristics and morbidity- and mortality-related outcomes were evaluated to identify predictors associated with major infectious complications, using univariable and multivariable models. RESULTS The cumulative number of infections at 2&nbsp;years was 1,213 (634 HM3 and 579 HMII), and major infection occurred in 58% of patients with the HM3 and 56% of patients with the HMII (p?=?0.57). Infections of a local nature unrelated to pump components were most common (n?=?681/1,213; 56%), followed by driveline-associated infection (n?=?329/1,213; 27%), sepsis (n?=?194/1,213; 16%), and other events (n?=?9/1,213; 0.7%). Bacterial pathogens were implicated in 806 of 1,213 events (66%); significant predictors of infection included sex (women vs men; hazard ratio [HR] 1.38, p?=?0.003), pre-implant use of intra-aortic balloon pump (HR 1.33, p?=?0.02), pre-implant history of cardiac surgery (HR 1.28, p?=?0.01), and body mass index ? 30 (HR 1.40, p less then 0.0001). Most deaths in those with infection occurred owing to non-infectious causes. CONCLUSION Infection is the most common adverse effect in patients implanted with contemporary continuous-flow LVADs, with most such events unrelated to the pump or its peripheral components. Whether chronic mechanical circulatory devices confer an immunomodulatory effect pre-disposing to infection warrants closer scrutiny to understand and ameliorate this morbidity. INTRODUCTION/METHODS Radiologists provide value through communication of imaging findings. We outline a quality improvement effort using a dedicated dictation macro as a behavioral nudge to increase direct communication between radiologists and referring physicians. Use of the macro was encouraged by departmental leadership and publicised widely prior to implementation. Monthly data regarding the use of the macro and corresponding departmental volumes were acquired over a 24 month period. RESULTS Over the 24-month study period, there were 1,334,555 total exams performed and 52,276 total communications (3.90%; monthly range 2.21-4.67%). The greatest increase in adoption rate occurred during the initial 4-month period, with sustained rates of communication achieved after month 4. Results were more frequently communicated to a clinician when a resident trainee was involved in the dictation process. The greatest number of documented communications was for x-ray, followed by Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Ultrasound (US), and nuclear medicine. Inpatient studies (7.23%) were communicated at a statistically significantly higher rate than Emergency Department (ED) (3.86%) or Outpatient (OP) studies (1.31%), P less then 0.0001 for all comparisons. The rate of documented communication steadily increased across all patient classes. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that simple interventions to increase the rate of documented communication can have durable results, and highlight the critical role radiologists play in timely and effective patient care delivery. Introduction of a communication macro coupled with departmental nudges resulted in increased direct communication of imaging results. This effort has promoted mutual engagement between radiologists and their colleagues, and demonstrates the active role of radiologists in direct imaging consultation. BACKGROUND It is unclear how positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and recruitment maneuvers impact patients during one-lung ventilation (OLV). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of lung recruitment and PEEP on ventilation and oxygenation during OLV. METHODS A systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis were performed. Mean difference with standard deviation was calculated. Included studies were evaluated for quality and risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Score where appropriate. RESULTS In total, 926 articles were identified, of which 16 were included in meta-analysis. Recruitment maneuvers increased arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) by 82&nbsp;mm Hg [20, 144&nbsp;mm Hg] and reduced dead-space by 5.9% [3.8, 8.0%]. PEEP increased PaO2 by 30.3&nbsp;mm Hg [11.9, 48.6&nbsp;mm Hg]. Subgroup analysis showed a significant increase in PaO2 (P&nbsp;=&nbsp;.0003; +35.4&nbsp;mm Hg [16.2, 54.5&nbsp;mm Hg]) with PEEP compared with no PEEP but no such difference in comparisons with PEEP-treated controls. No significant difference in PaO2 was observed between "high" and "low" PEEP-treated subgroups (P&nbsp;=&nbsp;.29). No significant improvement in PaO2 was observed for subgroups coadministered PEEP, lung recruitment, and low tidal volumes. PEEP was associated with a modest but statistically significant increase in compliance (P&nbsp;=&nbsp;.03; 4.33&nbsp;mL/cmH2O [0.33, 8.32]). High risk of bias was identified in the majority of studies. Considerable heterogeneity was observed. CONCLUSIONS Recruitment maneuvers and PEEP have physiologic advantages during OLV. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/uamc-3203.html The optimal use of PEEP is yet to be determined. The evidence is limited by heavy use of surrogate outcomes. Future studies with clinical outcomes are necessary to determine the impact of recruitment maneuvers and PEEP during OLV.